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The most important aspects of the human resource development Essay We dedicate our report to our respected teacher Prof. E. Din, who taught us with the great affection and dedication and let us understand how to manage human resource at organizational levels in a proper manner and how to analyze the selection and recruiting processes. We feel proved to present this project in the hand of the scholar of the new modern era. He gave us a prestigious knowledge about the different aspects of human resources management, due to which we are able to write this report. PREFACE The primary objective of underlying the assessment review is to study the most important aspects of the human resource development and other activities and the human welfare in the result of such activities. This report is written on Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and Research Centre. We will observe the human resource activities and the job analysis. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are very thankful to Prof. E. Din for his guidance and for giving us a project on Human Resource Management. We are grateful to Management of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital for their cooperation. We would like to thank Miss. Amna, acting director HRD, who gave her precious time to provide us information on different aspects of the human resource development processes at SKMCHRC. We would not have been able to complete this project without her cooperation. SHAUKAT KHAUM MEMORIAL CANCER HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH RC) is a state-of-the-art cancer centre located in Lahore, Pakistan. It is a project of the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust, which is a charitable organization established under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860 of Pakistan. The institution is the brainchild of Pakistani cricket superstar, Imran Khan. The inspiration came after the death of his mother, Shaukat Khanum from cancer. The Hospital is a project of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust a non-profit legal entity established under the laws of Pakistan. The Board of Governors formulates overall policy and consists of bankers, researchers, businessmen and physicians. The hospital is managed by a professional team from clinical, administrative and nursing backgrounds. MISSION STATEMENT To act as a model institution to alleviate the suffering of patients with cancer through the application of modern methods of curative and palliative therapy irrespective of their ability to pay, the education of health care professionals and the public and perform research into the causes and treatment of cancer. Educational Programs Post-graduate training programs (recognized by College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan) in the fields of: Nuclear Medicine, Radiation Therapy, Medical Oncology, Radiology, Pathology, Medicine Post-graduate training in Medicine recognized by the Royal College of Physicians (UK) Diploma Course in Oncology Nursing (recognized by the Nursing Council of Pakistan) Quarterly Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support Courses (BLS and ACLS) Course for Medical Technologists (EKG, PFTs and Respiratory technology) Electives for Medical Students and Physicians in training. JOB DESCRIPTION Occupational Summary: Direct and coordinate the preparation of the operational budget for Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Administration; direct monitoring of fiscal operations for compliance with approved budget; implement University policies and guidelines as they relating to budget and payroll. Work Performed: Direct preparation of the annual budget for Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Administration; consult with officials to determine policies, guidelines and program changes which may bear upon budget objectives; evaluate requests recommending changes, deletions and/or additions; prepare final budget for management review. Direct monitoring of revenues and expenditures for realization of and compliance with approved budget; consult with departments as necessary to deter-mine cause of major variances, remedial alternatives and effect on future operations; prepare reports for higher management with narrative explanation of deviations from approved budget. Direct financial analysis of major programs and capital projects. Review financial analysis and business plans prepared by analysts, department heads and Assistant Operating Officers for reasonableness. Provide data to Hospital Administration as necessary to assure accurate intra-institutional distributions of revenues and expenditures. Provide information to various federal, state, professional and University organizations or staff concerning Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital fiscal operations. Prepare various special reports for higher management. Plan and schedule departmental work, ensuring proper distribution of assignments and adequate manning, space and facilities for performance of duties. Direct departmental personnel functions including, but not limited to, hiring, rate recommendations, promotions, transfers and vacation schedules. Perform other related duties incidental to the work described herein. The above statements describe the general nature and level of work being performed by individuals assigned to this classification. This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all responsibilities and duties required of personnel so classified. MINIMUM HIRING SPECIFICATIONS SKMCH RESEARCH CENTRE EDUCATION/TRAINING Work requires knowledge of accounting or business principles and practices generally obtained through completion of a bachelors degree program in an accounting or business-related field. Certified Public Accountant or Masters of Business Administration preferred. EXPERIENCE Work requires seven years related business or administrative experience to acquire competence in applying general accounting principles, personnel practices and coordination of major administrative functions. A masters degree in a related field, such as business or health administration, may be substituted for experience on a 1:1 basis. OR AN EQUIVALENT COMBINATION OF RELEVANT EDUCATION AND/OR EXPERIENCE SKILLS 1001 SUPERVISION 1003 BUDGET PROJECTIONS 1006 ANALYZE TRENDS 1007 INTERVIEWING SKILLS 1008 PERSONNEL PRACTICES 4105 ACCOUNTING/BOOKKEEPING 4106 DUKE PAYROLL SYSTEM 4108 OFFICE PROCEDURES 4109 DUKE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 4112 BILLING/COLLECTIONS 4117 INSURANCE CLAIMS 4150 CORRESPONDENCE 6031 PC WORDPROCESSING SOFTWARE 6032 PC SPREADSHEET SOFTWARE 6033 PC DATABASE MGT SOFTWARE Human Resource Management Hiring Hiring Standards and Requirements Special attention should be given to hiring standards that reflect the norm of a communitys predominant group. The hiring unit must be prepared to demonstrate that its hiring standards do not automatically screen out applicants whose speech, dress, and personal work habits differ from those of the predominant group. It must be able to demonstrate that any employment tests or other job screening standards that are used, such as possession of a high school diploma, are reasonable measures of successful job performance. Hiring requirements not directly related to job performance, such as a height requirement in a position where height is not directly related to performance, are discriminatory. Employment Conditions The law against employment discrimination extends to virtually every aspect of the employer-employee relationship, including discrimination with respect to compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment. Wages Discrimination with respect to compensation covers a variety of practices, such as: starting rates or merit increases based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin rather than qualifications or performance, and different treatment of employees with respect to overtime pay opportunities when based on race, color, sex, religion, or national origin. Training and Promotion Employees of similar capabilities must be offered the same opportunities for training, promotion, transfer, and apprenticeship programs. Discriminatory Environment We maintain a working environment free of racial, sexual, or ethnic intimidation. This requirement includes positive action when necessary to redress or eliminate employee intimidation. If harassment of an employee by co-workers or a supervisor occurs, management is obligated to attempt to remedy the situation. Management must take steps to ensure that a strong non-harassment policy is observed at all levels. Work Assignments It is unlawful to give employees a disproportionately large share of the less desirable assignments or less favorable hours on the basis of race, color, sex, national origin, or religion. Facilities Facilities must be open on an integrated basis to all employees. Employer Reprisal We prohibit taking reprisals against employees who initiate, testify, or participate in proceedings against the employing institution. National Origin Discrimination Discrimination on the basis of the physical, cultural, or linguistic characteristics associated with a national origin group is prohibited. Job requirements such as fluency in English must be shown to be accurate measures of job performance and must fairly assess educational credentials from foreign institutions. In addition, a working environment must be maintained that is free from ethnic slurs, jokes, or other verbal or physical behavior which unreasonably interferes with an employees work performance. Religious Discrimination Religion is defined to include all aspects of religious observance, practice, and belief, such as: * grooming habits, * observance of mourning * Prohibition of medical examination. Reasonable accommodation may include practices such as prayer breaks, shift swaps, flexible scheduling, or change of job assignments which may differ from the employers or the potential employers requirements regarding schedules or other business-related conditions. SEX DISCRIMINATION Hiring standards are not permitted that prohibit women from: * carrying or lifting weights in excess of set limits, * working during certain night hours, * working more than a specified number of hours per day or week, or * Working for set time periods before or after childbirth. Rules that limit or restrict employment of married women but are not applicable to married men are not permitted. An employment policy that excludes applicants or employees (married or otherwise) due to pregnancy is not permitted. Testing Recruitment Policy No employee shall report to his or her work site impaired by drugs or alcohol, including drugs prescribed by a physician and over-the-counter medication. If an employee reports to his or her work site impaired by any drug or alcohol, this behavior shall be deemed unacceptable personal conduct, for which corrective action may be imposed, except that those impaired by a legally prescribed drug may be given appropriate work restrictions. Pre-Employment Testing Policy Testing for drugs and/or alcohol will be conducted on all applicants to whom an offer of employment has been extended. All offers of employment are subject to the terms and conditions of this policy. Failure to cooperate in such a test will result in a withdrawal of the offer of employment. Any applicant who refuses to submit to or tampers with a drug test shall be ineligible for hire. If the test is positive, the information will be forwarded to a Medical Review Officer for assessment. Unless satisfactory reasons exist for a positive test result (i.e. taking prescribed medications, false-positive result, etc.) the offer of employment will be withdrawn and the applicant may not reapply for employment for a period of 365 days. If the applicant suspects a false positive test result, the applicant may request a follow-up test to be administered within 48 hours. If satisfactory reasons appear for the false positive result, the individual may be subject to follow-up random testing for continued confirmation of appropriate use of medications. Test results will be reviewed in confidence by the HR Services Director or designee, (Manager of Employment), who will convey the results directly to those with a need to know. Refusal To Undergo Testing If the employee refuses testing, the supervisor should remind the employee that refusal may result in termination. If the employee continues to refuse, an immediate investigatory suspension (in accord with the Corrective Action Policy) until further notice should be implemented. If testing is accomplished, the employee should be placed on an investigatory suspension with pay until test results are received. Hiring Recruitment The Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, and Vice President for Human Resources are committed to hiring practices that are applied consistently and equitably, thereby demonstrating support for merit-based recruitment and selection. The Employment Office is responsible for recruitment, preliminary screening and referral to operating departments of applications for all vacancies. The Employment Office and the operating departments share responsibility for ensuring compliance with the Health Care System Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action commitments and all applicable State and Federal policies, laws, and guidelines. The Employment Office advises departments regarding applicable policies and legal requirements. Employment counselors extend offers of employment only when department selections are consistent with policies and laws. In cases where an intra-department promotion is recommended, recruitment may be limited to current Health Care System employees. Such positions would be identified on the Employment Opportunities list as open to Health Care System employees only. The vacancy resulting from the promotion would then be open for recruitment, and subject to the priority considerations. Department of Nursing The Department of Nursing operates a separate nurse employment program for their Registered Nurses, Practical Nurses, and Nursing Assistants. Recruitment of Registered Nurses in other departments, as well as other non-licensed staff in the Department of Nursing is the responsibility of the Employment Office. The Department of Nursing is subject to all Health Care System personnel policies, including merit-based recruitment and selection. Advertising Each advertisement designed to attract candidates for staff employment must be approved in advance by the Assistant Human Resource Services Director Employment. This applies to any advertisement in any medium for any vacancy, Permanent or Temporary. Qualifications The employee or applicant must possess at least the minimum education and experience requirements, or their equivalent, as set forth in the class specification of the position for which the applicant has been hired. The candidate must possess the specific job-related qualifications, as stated by the hiring department, required for a particular open position. This shall apply in cases of new appointments, promotions, demotions, transfers, and reinstatements. The education and experience statements serve as indicators of the possession of identified skills know ledges and abilities and as guides to primary sources of recruitment; reasonable substitutions of formal education and job-related experience, one for the other, will be made. It is recognized that a specific quantity of formal education or number of years of experience does not always guarantee possession of the identified skills, know ledges, and abilities for every position in a class. Qualifications necessary to perform successfully may be attained in a variety of combinations. Exceptions There are two exceptions to this policy: * If an employee is demoted to a position in the same field of work the employee is automatically qualified for the lower class. * If an employee is reinstated without a break in service to a position of the same class or to a lower class in the same field of work, the employee is automatically qualified Employment Office Referrals Refers to the Employment Office any person making direct contact with the department as an applicant or as a transfer candidate from another department. The department does not grant an employment interview at the time of such direct contact. Choosing Interviews Chooses applicants to be interviewed only from those referred by the Employment Office as suitably qualified. Final Screening and Selection Conducts final screening of applicants or transfer candidates and selects the most suitably qualified candidate based upon specific job-related criteria, giving appropriate consideration to the Health Care System Affirmative Action goals and other preferences as stated below. Candidate Evaluations Completes Candidate Evaluations for all candidates whose applications are referred. Returns these forms to the appropriate Employment Counselor. Commitment Has no authority to make a commitment to any candidate for employment, classification title, salary, or salary grade. The Health Care System will not honor any such purported commitment, if made. EMPLOYMENT OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES Posting Posts on the Employment Opportunities list all classification titles from recruitment requests (may also post working titles when doing so would clarify the type of job available). Posting shall be for a minimum of 7 working days. Forwards a copy of the list to the Workforce Resources Division of the Office of State Personnel. Applicant Selection Selects and refers to the operating department the applications of applicants who are most qualified, based on the job-related qualifications identified in the vacancy announcement. Identifies those who should receive priority consideration as required by State policy or by Federal or State laws or by the Shaukat Khanum Care System Affirmative Action Plan. Monitoring/Evaluation Human Resources staff will periodically review program data across the SKMCHRC to ensure that recruitment and selection activities are in compliance with this policy. Human Resources staff will compile an annual report of selection activity, to include analysis of the impact on demographic groups, exceptions to policy, and other relevant factors. Human Resources staff will also comply with the merit-based reporting. Trainee Appointment: * A Trainee appointment may be made to a permanent position when: * The job specification includes special provisions for a Trainee progression leading to regular appointment. * Recruitment efforts fail to attract qualified candidates. * The recommended applicant fails to meet minimum State education and experience requirements. * The Trainee appointment, like the probationary period, is also an extension of the selection process, and provides the time for effective adjustment of the new employee or elimination of those whose performance will not meet acceptable standards. Employees with a Trainee appointment receive leave, total state service credit, retirement, and health benefits. When applicable, trainees who have completed 6 months of service or who had a Permanent appointment prior to entering a Trainee appointment may receive severance pay and priority reemployment consideration. Permanent Appointment: A Permanent appointment is a permanent full-time appointment to a permanently-full-time established position when the incumbent is expected to be retained in the position on a permanent basis. A Permanent appointment shall be given when: * The requirements of the probationary period have been satisfied. * An employee in a Trainee appointment has completed all training and experience requirements. * A time-limited permanent appointment extends beyond 3 years. Individuals receiving initial appointments at the SKMCHRC must first serve in a Probationary appointment before being eligible for a Permanent appointment. Time-Limited Permanent Appointment A Time-Limited Permanent appointment is an appointment that has a limited duration to: * A Permanent position that is vacant due to the incumbents leave of absence and when the replacement employees services will be needed for a period of one year or less. A Time-Limited Permanent appointment is an appointment that has a limited duration to: * A Permanent position that is vacant due to the incumbents leave of absence and when the replacement employees services will be needed for a period of one year or less. * A Time-Limited Permanent position. If an employee is retained in a Time-Limited Permanent position beyond 3 years, he or she shall be designated as having a Permanent position. A Time-Limited Permanent position. If an employee is retained in a Time-Limited Permanent position beyond 3 years, he or she shall be designated as having a Permanent position. This type of appointment is distinguished from a Temporary appointment by the longer length of time, and from a regular Permanent appointment by its limited duration. Employees with a Time-Limited Permanent appointment receive leave, total state service credit, retirement and health benefits. They are not eligible for severance pay and priority reemployment consideration. Individuals receiving initial appointments to SKMCHRC must first serve in a Time-Limited Probationary appointment before being eligible for a Time-Limited Permanent appointment. Temporary A Temporary appointment is for a limited term, normally not to exceed 3 to 6 months, to a Permanent or Temporary position. When sufficiently justified, a longer period of time may be requested; but in no case shall the Temporary employment period exceed 12 consecutive months. Temporary employees do not participate in SKMCHRC benefits. Employees with a Temporary appointment do not receive leave, total state service credit, health benefits, retirement credit, severance pay, or priority reemployment consideration. Temporary employees are not subject to the corrective action policy and do not have access to the Grievance and Alternative Dispute Resolution procedure. Permanent Trainee or Time-Limited Part-Time An appointment of less than full-time to a Permanent or Time-Limited Permanent full-time position or to a Permanent or Time-Limited Permanent part-time budgeted position on a continuing basis. Employees with appointments that are 20-29 hours per week earn leave benefits (prorated), total state service credit, and, when applicable, severance pay and priority reemployment consideration. They do not receive retirement credit or health benefits; however, they may belong to the group health plan by paying their own premiums. Employees with appointments that are 30-39 hours per week for at least 9 months per year earn leave benefits (prorated), total state service credit, retirement credit, health benefits, and, when applicable, severance pay and priority reemployment consideration. Employees with appointments less than 20 hours per week earn no benefits. Part-Time Temporary An appointment of less than full-time for a limited term normally not to exceed 3 to 6 months. When sufficiently justified, a longer period of time may be requested; but in no case shall the Temporary employment period exceed 12 consecutive months. NEW APPOINTMENTS A new appointment is the initial employment of an individual to a position or the reemployment of an individual who is either not eligible for reinstatement or, at the option of the SKMCHRC, is not offered reinstatement. Probationary or Trainee Periods An employee who begins work in a permanent or time-limited permanent position shall be given a probationary or trainee appointment unless the employee is eligible for and the SKM Health Care System chooses to make reinstatement with a permanent appointment. The probationary and trainee appointment periods are intended to serve as an extension of the selection process and are used to determine whether the person will be able to meet acceptable performance standards for the work for which he or she is employed. The employee will earn all the benefits of an employee with a permanent appointment during this time. Probationary employees are not subject to the corrective action policy. Probationary employees may receive counseling following performance issues or may be terminated at will. Use of the corrective action policy on probationary employees will be voided by HR Services. Any formal corrective action documentation on probationary employees sent to HR will be returned unprocessed to the originating department. Moving To A Permanent Position When an employee is given a permanent or time-limited permanent appointment after the successful completion of either the probationary period or the trainee period. * If the initial salary is at the hiring rate or trainee rate, it shall be increased to the minimum rate of the range and may be increased to a higher rate if justified based on the employees qualifications, equity, and availability of funds. * If the initial salary is above the hiring rate, the SKMCHRC may elect to increase the salary by 5% or to a higher rate if justified based on the employees qualifications, equity, and availability of funds. Firing Employees Discontinuation Of Employment With Notice At-will appointments are subject to discontinuation at any time at the discretion of the Chief Executive, provided that such a discontinuation (as distinguished from a Discharge for Cause) shall be subject to advance timely notice as follows: * During the first year of service, 30 days prior to discontinuation of employment; and * During the second and all subsequent years of continuous service, 90 days notice prior to discontinuation of employment. Expiration Of Term Employment Term Appointments expire automatically at the conclusion of the stated term; such an employment may be renewed or extended at the SKMCHRCs option, by written notice. If the SKMCHRC chooses not to renew a Term Appointment, * With respect to a term of one year or less, no notice of intent not to renew shall be required. * With respect to a term of more than one year, notice of intent not to renew shall be transmitted in writing at least 90 days prior to the expiration of the term. Failure to provide written notice shall result in the automatic extension of employment for a period of 90 days beyond the scheduled expiration date of the term. Termination of Employment Due To Financial Exigency Employment within a Senior Administrative position for a stated definite term may be terminated prior to the expiration of the stated term because of: * Demonstrable, bona fide institutional financial exigency; or * Major curtailment or elimination of a program Financial exigency means a significant decline in the financial resources of the Health Care System that compels a reduction of the institutions budget. The determination of this situation and of major curtailment or elimination of a program shall be made by the Chief Executive, with advance notice to and approval by the Board of Directors. Discharge For Cause Causes for discharge shall include, but not be limited to: * Incompetence * Unsatisfactory performance * Neglect of duty * Misconduct that interferes with the capacity of the employee to effectively perform the requirements of his or her employment. Discharge for cause is to be preceded by written notice of the intent to discharge and is subject to the grievance procedure below. Suspension When a Senior Administrative employee has been notified of the intent to discharge him or her for cause, the Chief Executive may suspend his or her employment at any time and continue the suspension until a final decision concerning discharge has been reached. Suspension shall only be used in exceptional circumstances, and shall be with full pay. A Senior Administrative employee shall automatically be retired SKMCHRC employment (without notice) on July 1 coincident with or following his or her 60th birthday. Attendance Tardiness SKMCHRC is committed to providing the best patient care possible with its available staff. To attain this patient-oriented goal, it is important that all staff report to work as scheduled. This policy establishes standards for permanent employees, regardless of appointed hours, by which managers can determine that individual employee attendance has become a performance problem. The policy requires that supervisors maintain and regularly review attendance records. The policy assures that supervisors have consistent guidelines for the purpose of counseling, warning, suspending, demoting, or terminating an employee for unsatisfactory attendance. This policy applies to absenteeism, tardiness, and a combination of the two. Tardiness Tardiness is defined as an unexcused absence from the assigned work area of six (6) or more minutes but less than half the shift time. This includes reporting late at the start of a shift, upon return from meal breaks, and/or upon return from other breaks. This also includes leaving early prior to the end of a shift. Tardiness, for any reason, is recorded as tardiness. It is the managers obligation to assign meal breaks so that employees are aware of the appropriate meal time parameters Training Education Employee Orientation Purpose: First impressions have a profound influence on the way new employees support our mission, vision, and values. A well-designed orientation program provides a dynamic and effective way to prepare employees for work. During the orientation process, employees are introduced to essential information, including information on benefits that will continually assist them in being an active and productive part of the organization. Our most important asset is our people, and the ongoing success of the SKMCHRC is dependent upon well-trained personnel being employed in every position. SKMCHRC makes a commitment at the time of employment to welcome, inform, and train new employees. Most of this responsibility resides with the departmental manager or supervisor Orientation Program Components: There are two distinct parts to the comprehensive orientation program. The first involves a two-day orientation containing a series of general information sessions about the SKMCHRC. The second part concerns the specific job assignment, and begins at the time that any employee reports to work in a new department. Within the second part of the orientation program the employee is oriented to departmental procedures and issues. For new employees, this part of the Orientation Program is circumscribed by the Probationary Period. For transferring employees, departments may define the orientation period but it should not exceed six months. This continuum approach to orientation is designed to give the optimum number of opportunities for the new employee to learn not only about specific job duties and responsibilities, but also the way that proper job performance contributes to the overall success of the Employee, the Unit, the Department, and the SKMCHRC. General Session: All new employees attend the SKMCHRCs New Employee Orientation Program. Employees who are not eligible for benefits are not required to attend the parts of orientation related to benefit selection. New employee includes all new hires, reemployment and agency transfers. Employees involved in status change actions (i.e. change from Temporary appointment to Permanent, Part-Time to Full-Time or Full-Time to Part-Time) are not required to attend a second session of the Orientation. These employees are, however, required to make an appointment with the Benefits Office to complete the documents required to effect the change and to enroll in the desired benefits. HR Role in Orientation: The Human Resource Development (HRD) Office will coordinate the New Employee Orientation. All new employees are registered at the beginning of the orientation session. Attendance records are maintained in the HRD Office NEW APPOINTMENTS A new appointment is the initial employment of an individual to a position or the reemployment of an individual who is either not eligible for reinstatement or, at the option of the SKMCHRC, is not offered reinstatement. Probationary Or Trainee Periods An employee who begins work in a permanent or time-limited permanent position shall be given a probationary or trainee appointment unless the employee is eligible for and the SKMCHRC chooses to make reinstatement with a permanent appointment. The probationary and trainee appointment periods are intended to serve as an extension of the selection process and are used to determine whether the person will be able to meet acceptable performance standards for the work for which he or she is employed. The employee will earn all the benefits of an employee with a permanent appointment during this time. Qualifications The employee must possess at least the minimum education and experience requirements, or their equivalent, as set forth in the class specification. This applies to full-time and part-time permanent, probationary, trainees, time-limited permanent and temporary appointments. Salary Rate The hiring rate of pay for a class, or trainees rate where applicable, shall normally be paid a qualified new employee Trainee A Trainee appointment may be made to a permanent position when: the job specification includes special provisions for a Trainee progression leading to regular appointment; recruitment efforts fail to attract qualified candidates; operating needs warrant a trainee, or the recommended applicant fails to meet minimum education and experience requirements. The Trainee appointment, like the probationary period, is also an extension of the selection process, and provides the time for effective adjustment of the new employee or elimination of those whose performance will not meet acceptable standards. Employees with a Trainee appointment receive leave, total service credit, retirement, and health benefits. When applicable, trainees who have completed 6 months of service or who had a Permanent appointment prior to entering a Trainee appointment may receive severance pay and priority reemployment consideration. Competency Assessment A systematic, ongoing, organization-wide competency assessment program ensures that the right person is performing the right job in the right way to deliver optimal patient care. Competency assessment includes the determination of qualifications, competencies, and staffing necessary to carry out the mission of SKMCHRC. Competency assessment also includes developing and implementing processes to ensure that the competence of all employees is assessed, maintained, improved and demonstrated throughout their association with the Hospital. Competency assessment integrates the processes of Position Design/Classification, Hiring, Orientation/Training/Education, and Performance Management. An effective competency assessment program requires collaboration and cooperation from all levels of management. Human Resource departments assist department managers in position design/classification (Position Management) Hiring (Employment), orientation/training/education (Employee Benefits and Human Resource Development) and performance evaluation (Position Management). The Director of Human Resources provides an annual report with aggregate data that reflects levels of competence and competence maintenance activities to the SKMCHRC Board of Directors. Department managers are responsible for the following competency assessment activities: Recommending to their Division Director a sufficient number of qualified and competent staff to provide care/service. Providing current job descriptions to Position Management. Job descriptions include job functions, specific duties, knowledge set, skills and ability required to perform the duties and minimal education and experience required, including necessary licenses, certifications, or registrations. For patient care positions, job descriptions define the necessary competencies related to the special needs and behaviors of specific age groups with whom the employee will work. Job descriptions should be reviewed annually and revised as necessary. For examples of documentation for this function, see Appendices 5 and 6. Evaluating the competence of applicants for vacant positions according to pre-determined criteria for hiring. Orienting new employees, according to policies for Employee Orientation, and documenting department-level employee orientation and Initial Skills Verification. Develop and implement a plan for assessing the ongoing competency of department staff to perform required job functions. A priority for competency assessment may be high risk, problem-prone or seldom used skills. Provide continuing education and other staff development opportunities to maintain or improve performance. Establishing policies and procedures for safe and effective use of department equipment, training of employees to use equipment, and assessing the competency of employees to use the equipment according to policies, procedures and/or predetermined performance criteria. Education Any Full-time or Part-time Permanent (scheduled to work 20 hours per week or more) employee with at least 6 months of continuous service prior to the first day of classes is eligible for tuition assistance. Eligible employees must be continuously employed through completion of the course. Employees in temporary or probationary status are ineligible for tuition assistance. Courses from any accredited high school, business school, community college, technical institute, college or university, correspondence school, or other educational source may be approved for tuition assistance. Approved courses must be directly related to improving performance in the employees present job or must be directly related to the employees profession or field of work. Courses required for completion of a job or professional-related degree program may also be approved. Courses for personal enrichment do not qualify and must be taken by employees at their own time and expense. Courses considered to be a required prerequisite for a degree program are not eligible for reimbursement under the Tuition Reimbursement Program. These prerequisite courses are eligible for reimbursement under a departments Travel Reimbursement Program, and supervisors should be approached for information and approval on these types of reimbursements. The approved course must be taken on the employees own time unless the course is not offered after working hours. For a course taken during work time, it is up to the discretion of the Department Head or designee to determine work/non-work pay time. Regardless of the pay status, eligible employees may be granted time during work hours for not more than one course per term not to exceed 5 semester hours credit when the course is not offered after working hours. Approval to take a course during working hours must be received prior to starting the course. Revised work schedules should not adversely affect departmental services or employee job performance. Tuition Assistance Request forms must be signed and dated by the employee and supervisor prior to starting the course. Eligible employees may receive reimbursement for required academic costs not to exceed the maximum amount charged within the Hospitals University program for a similar course. Reimbursement is limited to a maximum of 10 semester hours per academic term, but not for more than 20 semester hours in a fiscal year, OR for more than 4 courses in a fiscal year. Members of the Division of Nursing should obtain approval from Nursing Education and Research. Transfer Promotion System Transfer The Transfer-Promotion System provides orderly procedures for an employee to move within a department and among departments and affords career and upward mobility opportunities on a hospital-wide basis. The system is provided to help employees realize their individual career potentials and respond to the needs of underemployed persons. This system is designed to facilitate the transfer, as feasible, of employees with satisfactory records of work performance and conduct, and who possess requisite qualifications. It is not used in lieu of appropriate corrective action. Responsibility for implementation of this policy is shared by operating departments and the Employment Office. Whether a Transfer can be effected is contingent upon the existence of an opening and the employees qualifications, ability, and work performance, length of Continuous Service, and overall competitive status compared to that of other employee candidates and, as appropriate, outside applicants. For a Transfer to be effected, the employee must be selected by the operating department as most suitable for the open position. Thus, it is not possible to guarantee a Transfer to every employee requesting one. Promotion Promotion is a change in status upward documented according to customary professional procedure, resulting from assignment to a position associated with a higher pay grade. Selection should be based upon demonstrated capacity, quality, and length of service (if applicants are equally qualified). The purpose of a promotional pay increase is to reward the employee for the assumption of duties more responsible and more difficult than those in the current position. Subject to the availability of funds, salary increases, not to exceed the maximum of the range, may be given in accordance with this policy. If the employee is promoted to a position within the same class series or occupational group, the salary * May be increased by up to 5% for each grade provided by the promotion; or * May be established in accordance with the New Appointments policy Temporary Promotions Temporary promotions may be made when an employee is placed in an acting capacity for a period of time. When an employee is placed in an acting capacity, at the discretion of management and in collaboration with the Assistant Human Resource Services Director Employment, one of the following may occur: * The employee may be placed in the higher level position (if vacant) with an understanding that he or she will return to the former position and salary when the position is filled. PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS ATTIRE Appropriate good taste, good grooming, safety, and consideration for others should govern the appearance of all employees, contract employees, residents, volunteers, students, Medical Staff of Shaukat Khanum Medical Centre Hospitals, and research personnel utilizing Shaukat Khanum Medical Centre HCS facilities. Neatness and cleanliness are evidence of concern for our patients, their families, the public, and each other. Shaukat Khanum Medical Centre Health Care System believes that personal neatness and appropriate attire provide an atmosphere of professionalism and inspire confidence in our ability to deliver services. The provisions of this policy apply to all personnel operating in the Shaukat Khanum Medical Centre HCS. Department policies may specify additional requirements as appropriate for employee and patient safety. All employees, staff members, volunteers, as well as visitors to the Shaukat Khanum Medical Centre HCS shall be required to wear appropriate identification as defined in the Identification of Employees, Staff Members, Patients and Visitors Policy in the Shaukat Khanum Medical Centre Health Care System Policy Manual. An employees name and picture must be visible at eye level at all times. Uniforms Employees for whom uniforms are required for the job must wear the appropriate uniform. Alterations to the uniform or alternatives to uniforms are allowed only if prior approval has been obtained from a Department Head and if the intent of this policy is not violated. Scrub Suits Scrub suits, masks, shoe covers, and gloves should be worn only in areas designated by relevant departmental policies and only by those designated to wear them as part of their personal protective equipment. Please refer to departmental policies regarding the use of scrub suits Non-Uniform Clothing Clothing should be clean, pressed, and in good condition. Shorts (or similar attire), denim, tank tops, midriffs, revealing apparel, and the wearing of patient garb over a uniform or outerwear are considered inappropriate for the work place and are not permitted under this policy. Hats should be worn only when part of an approved uniform. Logos which identify the SKMCHRC or units within the Hospital Health Care System is the only acceptable logos to be worn on collarless shirts. Safety As required by the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the SKMCHRC shall provide appropriate personal protective equipment for employees who perform hazardous work. The equipment will protect the face, eyes, head, and extremities. The Infection Control policies and the Employee Handbook must be used to guide departmental dress requirements where appropriate. Reference the SKMCHRC Infection Control Manual and the Employee Handbook for specific guidelines. Protective equipment, shields, and respiratory devices shall be used whenever the employee has the potential of being exposed to a hazardous environment, chemical, radiation, or mechanical irritant capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation, or physical contact. The use of protective glasses and shoes is covered in the Personal Protective Equipment Requirements Policy in the SKMCHRC Safety Policy Manual. For safety reasons, all employees must wear shoes which are appropriate to their jobs. Grooming Standard Cleanliness is an essential part of providing high-quality service to our customers. A neat, clean, business-like and professional appearance is a requirement for all jobs. In most instances, an employee may wear his or her hair the way he or she chooses while working, as long as it remains well-trimmed, well-groomed, and business-like in appearance. Other Considerations Supervisors will inform employees if business needs warrant additional requirements for the employees position. Chewing gum is not considered appropriate in the presence of patients, visitors, or guests. Hygiene Standards Good personal hygiene is required. Other employees, as well as patients and guests, have a right to expect general cleanliness and good dental hygiene from the staff. Employees must refrain from using body fragrances such as cologne, talc powder, and after-shave lotions, which may have an adverse effect on patient care, on co-workers and on visitors. Employee Health Safety The SKM meets its responsibilities regarding employee health and safety by constantly trying to improve the quality of the workplace and to provide a safe and healthful place of employment. The SKM is committed to complying with the law in spirit as well as in deed. It is, however, the responsibility of every employee and staff member to report any situation or condition that appears to be a safety, environmental, or health hazard. To report a hazard, an employee should advise his or her supervisor immediately or contact the Environmental Safety Department directly. Children in the Work Place Employees shall not bring children into clinical work areas at any time. Employees shall not bring children into non-clinical work areas except in extreme emergency situations. This will minimize interference with performance of job duties, minimize lost time due to exposure to communicable diseases, and maintain the SKM Health Care Systems professionalism. Exposure to communicable disease To the extent practicable, the SKM Health Care System protects patients and employees from exposure to communicable diseases. When such work-related exposure occurs, employees may be directed to take paid Administrative Leave by the Director of Operations of designated member of the Management Council. If illness results from on-the-job exposure, the Workers Compensation Policy applies. Family Practice Center The Center is staffed by faculty physicians and resident physicians in the SKM Department of Family Medicine. There is an enrollment procedure, and enrolled members and their families may use the Center for all health care requirements. Services available include routine and acute health care, health maintenance, obstetrics, counseling, and care for chronic problems Employee Recreational Services Employee Recreation Services offers a variety of activities within the following areas: athletics, wellness; hobbies, clubs, and classes; discounts and services; and travel for employees and their families. Some of these opportunities include: * Athletic leagues, tournaments, and classes; * Health promotion and exercise classes; * Clubs for photography, running, golf, musicians, and retirees; * Arts/crafts and special interest classes; * Vacation and resort discounts; * Discounted tickets for local and regional attractions; * Employee Privileges for SKMCHRC gyms/pool; * Faculty/Staff season pass for SKMCHRC home athletic events; * Employee Recreation Association; * Employee Discount Card. Workers Compensation SKMCHRC has a Workers Compensation Office dedicated to the administration of workers compensation claims. The injured employee or his representative is responsible for reporting all work-related illnesses, injuries, or exposures to occupational diseases to their immediate supervisor or the designee immediately following the incident. Neither medical payments nor compensation are payable before the employees written notice of injury is given. If thirty days has passed from the date of the accident or injury before notice is given by the employee, compensation is not payable unless a reasonable excuse for not giving a written notice is made to the satisfaction of the Industrial Commission. Medical Benefits The SKMCHRC provides payment of all medical, surgical, hospital, nursing, sick travel, prescription drugs, and rehabilitation services prescribed by the treating physician to treat the injury as it relates to the job. It is the employees responsibility to ensure that all bills and medical reports are forwarded to the Workers Compensation Office for consideration and payment. Leave Benefits If an employee is put off work more than 7 calendar days by the treating physician, the employee will receive Workers Compensation leave benefits. The leave benefit is equivalent to two-thirds of the employees average weekly wage and not above the maximum established by the SKMCHRC Commission. The maximum compensation rate is adjusted annually by the SKM. Employee Incident Report The injured employee and his supervisor or designee shall complete the Employee Incident Report. The report is then given to the health care provider who first examines the employee for medical information to be added. This health care provider may be in Occupational Health Services or in the SKMCHRC Emergency Room. Completed incident report forms not already there should be sent to Occupational Health Services for review and submission to the SKMCHRC Workers Compensation Office. The incident report form must state the following: * treatment rendered; * days employee placed off work; * any restriction to employees normal duty; * referral to a specialty area or to Occupational Health Service; * hospitalization; * Medication prescribed, etc. To avoid a delay or denial, the Employee Incident Report should be completed in full. It is the intent of the SKMCHRC to provide a workplace for all employees which is free from violence. The Health Care System is committed to working with its employees to maintain a work environment free from violence, threats of violence, harassment, intimidation, and other disruptive behavior. While this kind of conduct is not pervasive in our facilities, no hospital or clinic area is immune. Violence, threats, harassment, intimidation, and other disruptive behavior in our workplace will not be tolerated; that is, all reports of incidents will be taken seriously and will be dealt with appropriately. Such behavior can include oral or written statements, gestures, or expressions that communicate a direct or indirect threat of physical harm. Individuals who commit such acts may be removed from the premises and may be subject to disciplinary action, criminal penalties, or both. Group term life insurance The SKMCHRC makes a group term life insurance policy, underwritten by Metropolitan Life, available to eligible employees, their spouses, and their dependents. Participation is voluntary. Employees must pay the full cost of coverage through automatic payroll deductions. Supplemental Insurances The SKMCHRC provides access to an extensive selection of supplemental life insurance policies based on an employees needs. Enrollment in these programs is voluntary, and is paid by the employee. Carriers and programs may vary from year to year. Contact the Employee Benefits Office for more information on these policies. Supplemental Accident Insurance The SKMCHRC provides access to an extensive selection of supplemental accident insurance policies based on an employees needs. Enrollment in these programs is voluntary, and is paid by the employee. Carriers and programs may vary from year to year. Contact the Employee Benefits Office for more information on these policies. Supplemental Cancer Insurance The SKMCHRC provides access to a Cancer insurance plan. Enrollment in this program is voluntary, and is paid by the employee. Contact the Employee Benefits Office for more information on this policy. Supplemental ICU/CCU Insurance The SKMCHRC provides access to an Intensive Care/Coronary Care insurance plan. Enrollment in this program is voluntary, and is paid by the employee. Contact the Employee Benefits Office for more information on this policy Retirement System Benefits Cost of Participation Cost of participation is shared between the employee and the SKMCHRC. The employee contributes 6% of his or her gross salary automatically through payroll deduction. Contributions are tax-sheltered for Federal and State income tax purposes. The SKMCHRC contributes a larger share of the cost, based on the systems actuarial needs. Both of these contributions combine to provide funding for the Retirement System Pension Fund, the Death Benefit, the Disability Income Plan, and the Retirees Health Plan. Old-Age Benefit Plan SKMCHRC also has an old-age benefit plan running for its retired employees. Annual Benefit Determination The annual retirement benefit is based on a formula which takes into consideration a percentage of the members average salary during the highest-paid 48 consecutive months multiplied by years of creditable service. The percentage rate is set forth by the General Assembly and subject to change. (Currently the rate is under 2%) The average for the 48 consecutive months of highest earnings is the Average Final Compensation. Creditable Service Determination Creditable Service means any period during which a member contributed to the Retirement System. Unused sick or catastrophic leave and certain purchased service credits also are included as creditable service. For each 20 days (or portion thereof) of unused sick or catastrophic leave, one month of credit is allowed Death Benefit If a member dies while in active status after one year of contributing membership, the beneficiary will receive a single lump sum payment. This payment equals the highest 12 months salary in a row earned during the 24 months before death, but no less than $100,000 and no more than $2500, 000. The death benefit is paid in addition to the members retirement accumulation or, if applicable, the Survivors Alternate Benefit described below. Survivors Alternate Benefit If a member dies while in active status after completing 20 years of credit or reaching age 60 with 5 years of credit, the principal beneficiary named to receive a refund of retirement contributions may choose to receive a monthly benefit for life instead of a refund. Early Retirement A reduced monthly retirement benefit is available at age 50 with 20 years of creditable service, or age 60 with 5 years of creditable service Service Retirement An unreduced monthly retirement benefit is available after 30 years of creditable service, after age 60 with 25 years of creditable service, or after age 65 with 5 years of service. Retirement Payment Options A member may elect to receive the maximum retirement income or a reduced income through one of several payment options which provide payment to a beneficiary after the members death. Conclusion SKMCHRC is an equal opportunity employer. As such, SKM Health Care System offers equal employment opportunities without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability. To extend these opportunities, they shall: * Recruit, hire, train, and promote persons in all job classifications without regard to race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, disabilities or political affiliation/influence. * Base selection, hiring, and promotion decisions upon valid requirements and criteria which are, reduction-in-force, terminations, and promotions objectively, without regard to race, related and necessary to perform the work * Administer all personnel actions including compensation, benefits, tuition assistance, training, transfers color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or disability

Comparison between Woman Work and Overheard in County Sligo Essay

Comparison between Woman Work and Overheard in County Sligo Woman Work and overheard in County Sligo are both poems which give us an image of the role of woman in the past, and how she contributed to society Through reading both these poems, it is apparent that both of the poets’ backgrounds have influenced the poems. In the past, women were not considered important in society, and their efforts were not valued, not even by woman herself. Women were expected to stay at home, and become housewives. Woman lived in a society in which there was pressure to get married, wither by family pressure or societal pressure. It was not necessary for woman to conform to the beliefs and wishes of society, but many women felt compelled to follow the typical image expected of woman. Maya Angelou and Gillian Clarke are two female poets who felt it was important to write about the situation that some woman had to live in. Maya Angelou is a black female who felt compelled to write about how woman were treated in the years before her. She felt her ancestors were suppressed, not only because of their African race but because they were woman. Her poem, Woman Work, is about a woman’s struggle everyday to keep up with life, and do the housework. The woman in Woman work is unhappy with her life. She has many jobs to do, and does not show any positive emotion towards them. She is constantly working, and this is her main priority in life. We know that she has children. She says ‘I’ve got the tots to dress’’. There is no mention of the children’s fat her in the poem, which may indicate that he gives her no help in the housework. The woman is very tired and flustered. She says ‘Let me rest tonight’, which implies that it i... ...pped by their lives. I think that even though the woman in ‘Overheard in County Sligo’ is richer, and may be more well-off than the woman in ‘Woman Work’, they are both unfortunate and have the same amount of pressure on them. I like both poems, but I prefer ‘Woman Work’ as I like the use of language and imagery in the last four verses. I like the lines ‘Fall softly dewdrops and cover me with white’ I think using nature at the end of the poem makes the poem better, as it emphasises all the lack of materialistic things she owns, and nature is all she has. I think the use of vocabulary is very good, and Maya Angelou has made the majority of the last four verses very peaceful. On the other hand, I like that ‘Overheard in County Sligo starts off with an overview of a woman, who, on the surface, has the perfect life, while she is secretly living in misery. Comparison between Woman Work and Overheard in County Sligo Essay Comparison between Woman Work and Overheard in County Sligo Woman Work and overheard in County Sligo are both poems which give us an image of the role of woman in the past, and how she contributed to society Through reading both these poems, it is apparent that both of the poets’ backgrounds have influenced the poems. In the past, women were not considered important in society, and their efforts were not valued, not even by woman herself. Women were expected to stay at home, and become housewives. Woman lived in a society in which there was pressure to get married, wither by family pressure or societal pressure. It was not necessary for woman to conform to the beliefs and wishes of society, but many women felt compelled to follow the typical image expected of woman. Maya Angelou and Gillian Clarke are two female poets who felt it was important to write about the situation that some woman had to live in. Maya Angelou is a black female who felt compelled to write about how woman were treated in the years before her. She felt her ancestors were suppressed, not only because of their African race but because they were woman. Her poem, Woman Work, is about a woman’s struggle everyday to keep up with life, and do the housework. The woman in Woman work is unhappy with her life. She has many jobs to do, and does not show any positive emotion towards them. She is constantly working, and this is her main priority in life. We know that she has children. She says ‘I’ve got the tots to dress’’. There is no mention of the children’s fat her in the poem, which may indicate that he gives her no help in the housework. The woman is very tired and flustered. She says ‘Let me rest tonight’, which implies that it i... ...pped by their lives. I think that even though the woman in ‘Overheard in County Sligo’ is richer, and may be more well-off than the woman in ‘Woman Work’, they are both unfortunate and have the same amount of pressure on them. I like both poems, but I prefer ‘Woman Work’ as I like the use of language and imagery in the last four verses. I like the lines ‘Fall softly dewdrops and cover me with white’ I think using nature at the end of the poem makes the poem better, as it emphasises all the lack of materialistic things she owns, and nature is all she has. I think the use of vocabulary is very good, and Maya Angelou has made the majority of the last four verses very peaceful. On the other hand, I like that ‘Overheard in County Sligo starts off with an overview of a woman, who, on the surface, has the perfect life, while she is secretly living in misery.

Who Has Been the Biggest Influence in My Life

As such, I am charged with the constitutional duty, which I am resolved to carry out, of serving the interests of the members of all groups of our people and doing justice to every man. It is in this spirit that I now come before you. For in administering the affairs of this nation, you and I share the common responsibility of providing the leadership, the guidance and the service that a democratic government owes to the people.You and I must provide for their enjoyment of those basic requisites for decent living and of those adequate opportunities for the attainment of material prosperity and spiritual fulfillment. Only thus will they be able to stand in dignity and freedom in the community of nations. We assume our joint responsibilities at a time when the Nation is faced with many serious problems. The eyes of the world are focused on us, anxious to see how this new Government will face the difficulties confronting it.Our performance will be judged not only by our own people but a lso by the other nations of the world, not only by the present but also by posterity. Because of the impelling and serious problems facing the country today, I should like to depart from the traditional practice of my illustrious predecessors of delivering an all-embracing State of the Nation message. I shall not burden you now with all the details usually embodied in such a message, especially those related to the customary and routinary activities of the government.While it is recognized that such functions deserve equal and proper attention, I believe it would be more in keeping with the exigencies of the moment to submit, at the proper time and in the hour of need, such special messages to Congress on these matters as may be warranted by circumstances. In the interest of priority of purpose, therefore, I beg leave to submit for the consideration of this Congress only the most paramount problems of the Nation which, in my considered opinion, require immediate and preferential att ention. STATEMENT OF OUR MISSIONIn my inaugural address, I set forth the goals of our Administration in the coming years, as follows— 1. The solution of the problem of corruption; 2. The attainment of self-sufficiency in the staple food of our people, namely, rice and corn; 3. The creation of conditions that will provide more income to our people—income for those who have none and more income for those whose earnings are inadequate for their elemental needs; 4. The establishment of practices that will strengthen the moral fiber of our nation and reintroduce those values that would invigorate our democracy; and 5.The launching of a bold but well-formulated socio-economic program that shall place the country on the road to prosperity for all our people. This five-fold mission may be carried out by resolving two major problems, namely—the need for moral regeneration and the problem of economic growth. Democracy on Trial In the accomplishment of our mission, we have chosen the freedom of democracy as the context for the solution of our problems. Democracy is truly on trial along with us in our social and economic travails.By our success or failure in leading the Nation from the abyss of want to the plateau of abundance, not only ourselves but also our way of life will be judged. If we falter, we shall fail democracy as well as our people and thus bolster communism’s boast that it is a superior political system. But if we succeed in laying a dynamic and permanent base for justice and prosperity in this country, we shall vindicate not only ourselves but democracy itself. Therefore, I first invite your attention to the decadent state of our public morality.Our efforts to achieve the goal of economic and social fulfillment will be more effective and the results we obtain more permanent only if we can suffuse them with a pervasive moral regeneration. At my inauguration, I stated that I would seek to strengthen the nation’s moral fiber through formal modes of reform, enforcement of the laws and the exercise of the tremendous persuasive power of the Presidency in setting the personal example of honesty, uprightness and simple living.The enforcement of the law is solely the responsibility of the Executive Department, but I invite all to join the Executive in wielding the potent power of moral example, and I particularly urge the Congress to assist in conceiving those reforms that will contribute to a moral renaissance of our people. Let me, however, add that it is wasted effort to steep the young in virtue and morality only to let them realize as they grow up that their elders are neither moral nor virtuous.We -must, therefore, see to it that the practices allowed by law in government and business, in the professions and labor unions, in field and factory—in every area of national endeavor—conform as much as possible with the moral and the ethical. Such practices can be sustained and upheld only if we can at the same time create a sthrong public opinion that will actively approve them and vigilantly condemn the contrary. In our actions, we should not be guided only by what is legal. We must go beyond legality into the demands of morality. Our acts must not only be legal but must be moral as well.

The Islamic Religion Extensively Twisted Teachings About Terrorism and Oppresses Women Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Fasting is mostly reserved for the month of Ramadan. In Sura 2:182-185, the Quran spells out the rationale for fasting and what is required of the Muslim during this time of self-preservation (Ali, 1951). The month of Ramadan was chosen because it was in the final ten days of Ramadan that Muhammad experienced his nights of power and first received revelations from Allah. Ramadan has two sides: negative (self-denial) and positive (appreciation of simple gifts from Allah like food, drink and charity to neighbours) From sunrise to sunset for 29-30 days, one is supposed to fast from food, drink (including water), gambling, sexual activity and all sensual pleasures. Total abstinence reminds a Muslim that each life is one of sacrifice finally dependant on God. This is one example of Islam s concerns for the poor. It is a kind of social security system, and it helps a Muslim community share its wealth and maintain equality. Zakat is a tax of 2.5% of one s yearly savings. Almsgiving is an act of worship where the money obtained is used for the poor, needy, disabled and other deprived people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Islamic Religion Extensively: Twisted Teachings About Terrorism and Oppresses Women or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page